Research Citations
At UN|HUSHED we believe in Evidence Informed Curricula.
This is different from Evidence Based Curricula because we are not bound by a five to ten year lag time—and we still adhere to medically and statistically accurate information informed by proven pedagogical theory.
Abstinence-Only Education and Teen Pregnancy Rates: Why We Need Comprehensive Sex Education in the U.S
Stanger-Hall, K. & Hall, D.
PLoS One, Oct, 2011
The United States ranks first among developed nations in rates of both teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. In an effort to reduce these rates, the U.S. government has funded abstinence-only sex education programs for more than a decade. However, a public controversy remains over whether this investment has been successful and whether these programs should be continued. Using the most recent national data (2005) from all U.S. states with information on sex education laws or policies (N = 48), we show that increasing emphasis on abstinence education is positively correlated with teenage pregnancy and birth rates. This trend remains significant after accounting for socioeconomic status, teen educational attainment, ethnic composition of the teen population, and availability of Medicaid waivers for family planning services in each state. These data show clearly that abstinence-only education as a state policy is ineffective in preventing teenage pregnancy and may actually be contributing to the high teenage pregnancy rates in the U.S. In alignment with the new evidence-based Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative and the Precaution Adoption Process Model advocated by the National Institutes of Health, we propose the integration of comprehensive sex and STD education into the biology curriculum in middle and high school science classes and a parallel social studies curriculum that addresses risk-aversion behaviors and planning for the future.
Keywords: abstinence-only, teen pregnancy Link to Pedagogical Citation
Age of thelarche and menarche in contemporary US females: a cross-sectional analysis
Cabrera, SM; Bright, GM; Frane, JW; Blethen, SL; & Lee, PA
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, Jan, 2014
A recent secular trend towards earlier thelarche has been suggested. The aim of this study is to examine normative ages of thelarche and menarche in contemporary US females. Data derived from this study suggests thelarche occurred earlier than recently reported, while age of menarche remained unchanged, this supported a persistent secular trend towards earlier thelarche but stable age of menarche. This suggests that the observed thelarche is gonadotropin-independent or the tempo of pubertal advancement has slowed.
Keywords: menarche, thelarche, puberty Link to Pedagogical Citation
Age of thelarche and menarche in contemporary US females: a cross-sectional analysis.
Cabrera, S. M., Bright, G. M., Frane, J. W., Blethen, S. L., & Lee, P. A.
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, Jan, 2014
AIM: A recent secular trend towards earlier thelarche has been suggested. The aim of this study is to examine normative ages of thelarche and menarche in contemporary US females. METHODS: Trained physicians documented Tanner breast stage by observation in a cross-sectional cohort. Age of menarche was self-reported. The subjects were healthy female children and adolescents. The mean age of thelarche was determined by probit analysis and the mean age of menarche was determined by using a normal time-to-event model. RESULTS: Mean age of thelarche was 9.7 years among 610 females aged 3.0-17.9 years (70% non-Hispanic Caucasian (NHC), 14% African-Americans, 7% Hispanic, 9%
Keywords: female, menarche Link to Statistical Citation
Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach: 2010 Revision
World Health Organization
ANNEX H, SEXUAL MATURITY RATING (TANNER STAGING) IN ADOLESCENTS, Dec, 2010
Sexual maturity rating chart according to Tanner Stages.
Keywords: tanner stages, puberty Link to Pedagogical Citation
Characteristics of Primary Learners
EL Education
EL Education, Aug, 2015
This document highlights the unique needs and strengths of typical young children, identifying eleven key characteristics of primary learners1 – their ways of thinking and engaging with the world and their remarkable hunger for learning. Each of these characteristics is based on the writings of developmental psychologists and educators such as Lev Vygotsky, Maria Montessori, and Jean Piaget, as well as recent peer-reviewed research and the experience of primary educators in our EL network.
Keywords: primary learners, child development Link to Pedagogical Citation
Children and Adolescents and Digital Media
Reid Chassiakos, Y & et al.
Pediatrics, Nov, 2016
Today’s children and adolescents are immersed in both traditional and new forms of digital media. Research on traditional media, such as television, has identified health concerns and negative outcomes that correlate with the duration and content of viewing. Over the past decade, the use of digital media, including interactive and social media, has grown, and research evidence suggests that these newer media offer both benefits and risks to the health of children and teenagers. Evidence-based benefits identified from the use of digital and social media include early learning, exposure to new ideas and knowledge, increased opportunities for social contact and support, and new opportunities to access health promotion messages and information. Risks of such media include negative health effects on sleep, attention, and learning; a higher incidence of obesity and depression; exposure to inaccurate, inappropriate, or unsafe content and contacts; and compromised privacy and confidentiality. This technical report reviews the literature regarding these opportunities and risks, framed around clinical questions, for children from birth to adulthood. To promote health and wellness in children and adolescents, it is important to maintain adequate physical activity, healthy nutrition, good sleep hygiene, and a nurturing social environment. A healthy Family Media Use Plan (www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan) that is individualized for a specific child, teenager, or family can identify an appropriate balance between screen time/online time and other activities, set boundaries for accessing content, guide displays of personal information, encourage age-appropriate critical thinking and digital literacy, and support open family communication and implementation of consistent rules about media use.
Keywords: digital media, technology, children Link to Pedagogical Citation
Contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries: needs, barriers, and access
Chandra-Mouli, V; McCarraher, D; Phillips, S; Williamson, N & Hainsworth, G.
Reproductive Health, Jan, 2014
Substantial numbers of adolescents experience the negative health consequences of early, unprotected sexual activity - unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortions, pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity and Sexually Transmitted Infections including Human Immunodeficiency Virus; as well as its social and economic costs. Improving access to and use of contraceptives – including condoms - needs to be a key component of an overall strategy to preventing these problems. This paper contains a review of research evidence and programmatic experiences on needs, barriers, and approaches to access and use of contraception by adolescents in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Although the sexual activity of adolescents (ages 10–19) varies markedly for boys versus girls and by region, a significant number of adolescents are sexually active; and this increases steadily from mid-to-late adolescence. Sexually active adolescents – both married and unmarried - need contraception. All adolescents in LMIC - especially unmarried ones - face a number of barriers in obtaining contraception and in using them correctly and consistently. Effective interventions to improve access and use of contraception include enacting and implementing laws and policies requiring the provision of sexuality education and contraceptive services for adolescents; building community support for the provision of contraception to adolescents, providing sexuality education within and outside school settings, and increasing the access to and use of contraception by making health services adolescent-friendly, integrating contraceptive services with other health services, and providing contraception through a variety of outlets. Emerging data suggest mobile phones and social media are promising means of increasing contraceptive use among adolescents.
Keywords: contraception, pregnancy prevention Link to Pedagogical Citation
Cost and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of School-based Sexuality Education Programmes in Six Countries
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, May, 2011
There is a growing body of evidence indicating that school-based sexuality education programmes are valuable and have a positive impact on young people’s sexual health by improving preventive behaviour and thereby reducing the risks of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. In supporting the right to education, UNESCO recognises the need for young people to receive high-quality comprehensive sexuality education. This study begins to fill the gaps in data on the economic aspects of sexuality education programmes worldwide, in low-, middle- and high-income countries. It also comes at a time when interest in sexuality education programmes is growing considerably. This is because they offer a way to prevent adverse health effects, including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, and help people make conscious, responsible decisions about their sexual life. In addition, sexuality education programmes can also reduce gender inequality, improve communication within, and the quality of, interpersonal relationships, increase self-awareness and self-efficacy in a range of decision-making areas and reduce sexual violence. In the analysis of programme impact and cost effectiveness, this study only considers the health effects of sexuality education programmes.
Keywords: sexuality education Link to Pedagogical Citation
DELIVER+ENABLE TOOLKIT: Scaling-up comprehensive sexuality education (CSE)
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Jul, 2017
Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) has gained global recognition as a vital effort to empower adolescents and young people; enable them to improve and protect their health, well-being and dignity; and support them in developing critical thinking skills, citizenship, and equal, healthy and positive relationships. This toolkit offers guidance and resources on ways to: a) deliver CSE for children, adolescents, and youth in non-formal and formal settings and b) encourage other stakeholders to develop and implement CSE policies and programmes.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, toolkit Link to Pedagogical Citation
Digital Advertising to Children
Radesky, J., Chassiakos, Y. L. R., Ameenuddin, N., Navsaria, D., & Council on Communication and Media
Pediatrics, 146(1), e20201681, Jun, 2020
Advertising to children and teenagers is a multibillion-dollar industry. This policy statement reviews the forms of advertising that children and teenagers encounter, including newer forms of digital marketing, such as sponsored content, influencers, data collection, persuasive design, and personalized behavioral marketing driven by machine learning. Parents and pediatric health care providers need to be aware of the ways different marketing messages reach children and teenagers, including Internet sites, social media, and mobile apps. Evidence suggests that exposure to advertising is associated with unhealthy behaviors, such as intake of high-calorie, low-nutrient food and beverages; use of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes; use of alcohol and marijuana; and indoor tanning. Children are uniquely vulnerable to the persuasive effects of advertising because of immature critical thinking skills and impulse inhibition. School-aged children and teenagers may be able to recognize advertising but often are not able to resist it when it is embedded within trusted social networks, encouraged by celebrity influencers, or delivered next to personalized content. This policy statement expresses concern about the practice of tracking and using children's digital behavior to inform targeted marketing campaigns, which may contribute to health disparities among vulnerable children or populations. Pediatricians should guide parents and children to develop digital literacy skills to prevent or mitigate negative outcomes, but it is equally important that policy makers and technology companies embrace digital design, data collection, and marketing practices within today's broad digital environment that support healthier decision-making and outcomes.
Copyright © 2020 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Keywords: technology, child development, social media, advertising, policy Link to Pedagogical Citation
Digital guidelines: Promoting healthy technology use for children
American Psychological Association
American Psychological Association, Dec, 2019
Pointers for parents to keep in mind when establishing guidelines for children's technology use, in a world where many children have a tablet or smartphone.
Keywords: technology, children Link to Pedagogical Citation
Disability and sexuality: Claiming sexual and reproductive rights
Renu Addlakha, Janet Price, & Shirin Heidari
Reproductive Health Matters, Jul, 2017
More than 15% of the world’s population are affected by disability, including physical and sensory impairments, developmental and intellectual disability and psychosocial disability. While it goes without saying that people with disability have equal rights to sexual and reproductive desires and hopes as non-disabled people, society has disregarded their sexuality and reproductive concerns, aspirations and human rights. People with disabilities are infantilised and held to be asexual (or in some cases, hypersexual), incapable of reproduction and unfit sexual/marriage partners or parents. The sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of people with disabilities continue to be contested, and there are particular concerns in relation to women with disabilities. For women, disability often means exclusion from a life of femininity, partnership, active sexuality and denial of opportunities for motherhood.
Keywords: disability, srhr Link to Pedagogical Citation
Everyone’s right to know: delivering comprehensive sexuality education for all young people
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Mar, 2016
This report is intended to inform advocates and decision makers about how to support the sexual reproductive rights of young people around the world. It argues that comprehensive sexuality education is critical for young people to realize their rights.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education Link to Pedagogical Citation
FULFIL! Guidance document for the implementation of young people’s sexual rights
IPPF & WAS.
International Planned Parenthood Federation & World Association for Sexual Health, ., 2016
Translating the sexual rights of young people into practice not only involves raising awareness among young people for them to claim their rights, but working with duty bearers, such as health providers, educators and policy makers for them to fulfil these rights in law and in services. As adolescence is a time of gradually gaining responsibilities, implementing the rights of adolescents specifically involves a dynamic process of striking a balance between protecting them while respecting their autonomy and promoting their empowerment. With this in mind, IPPF and the World Association for Sexual Health developed Fufil!. This guide addresses the critical opportunities to implement young people’s sexual rights in a global context and provides specific guidance for policy makers, health providers and educators.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, sexual rights Link to Pedagogical Citation
Gender, ethnicity, and the developmental timing of first sexual and romantic experiences.
Regan, P. C., Durvasula, R., Howell, L., Ureño, O., & Rea, M.
Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, Nov, 2004
One of the most important tasks faced by adolescents and young adults is the formation of romantic relationships. Little is known, however, about the developmental timing of early relational experiences. This study investigated the age at which an ethnically diverse sample of young adults (N = 683) experienced their very first date, love, serious relationship, kiss, and act of intercourse. Most had experienced each event by the end of high school, with first dates and kisses occurring at earlier ages than falling in love or intercourse. Gender and ethnic differences were found. For example, young men began dating at earlier ages than did young women. Asian American participants were less sexually and romantically experienced, and had their very first sexual experiences at an older age, than African American, Latino/Hispanic, and Caucasian/non-Hispanic White participants. Interestingly, there were no differences in first romantic love experience. Almost all men and women within each ethnic group had fallen in love at least once, typically around age 17; this suggests that romantic love is a common human life event and that it first occurs during the developmental period spanning late adolescence and early adulthood.
Keywords: ethnicity, gender, romantic experiences, sexual experiences Link to Statistical Citation
Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age
World Health Organization
WHO, Dec, 2019
These guidelines are for all healthy children under 5 years of age, irrespective of gender, cultural background or socio-economic status of families and are relevant for children of all abilities; caregivers of children with a disability or those with a medical condition, however, may seek additional guidance from a health professional.
Keywords: physical activity guidelines, physical activity, children Link to Pedagogical Citation
How to educate about abortion: A guide for peer educators, teachers and trainers
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Apr, 2016
How to educate about abortion: A guide for peer educators, teachers and trainers, has been developed for trainers and educators who want to deliver workshops or training on abortion to young people, especially those training young peer educators. The guide includes key terms, instructions for facilitators as well as specific activities that educators can use.
Keywords: abortion, abortion access, abortion education, comprehensive sexuality education Link to Pedagogical Citation
How to improve young people’s access to safe abortion - Bosnia Herzegovina: Using a buddy system
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Jul, 2016
Young people face unique barriers when seeking accurate information about abortion, and in accessing abortion services. This series showcases strategies implemented by IPPF Member Associations that have successfully reduced these barriers and increased young people’s access to abortion information and services. In this short summary from Bosnia and Herzegovina, they provide a comprehensive strategy on using buddy systems in the context of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, which is a process where a nominated volunteer or staff member - the ‘buddy’- supports a client throughout their engagement with the service. The strategy, outlines the key steps needed for successful implementation and highlighting key lessons learned to consider in taking this strategy forward. This guide can be used by programme managers and implementers to help design and inform strategies to ensure that young people are enabled to access the necessary support and services they need in the event of an unwanted pregnancy.
Keywords: abortion, abortion access Link to Pedagogical Citation
IMAP Statement on youth peer provision models to deliver sexual and reproductive health services to young people
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Dec, 2016
The purpose of this statement is to outline key components of the youth peer provision model, summarize existing evidence, and provide guidance to integrate this delivery approach into the existing sexual and reproductive health services offered by IPPF Member Associations.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, peer educators Link to Pedagogical Citation
Inside and Out: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) Assessment Tool
IPPF & UNESCO.
International Planned Parenthood Federation & United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, ., 2016
Developed in partnership with UNESCO, IPPF’s CSE assessment tool Inside & Out enables Civil Society Organisations to assess the quality and comprehensiveness of their CSE programmes so that they can deliver high-quality rights-based CSE to adolescents and young people, especially in non-formal education settings. It includes analysis of language and messaging, programme development, educator training, interventions and national level health, demographic and social data, with a strong gender focus.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, assessment Link to Pedagogical Citation
IPPF Framework for Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE)
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Jan, 2010
Increasing access to comprehensive, youth friendly, gender sensitive sexuality education’ is a stated objective within the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)’s Strategic Framework 2005–2015. This document has been developed to support this objective, and to build upon the recommendations of an extensive, international consultation (involving IPPF staff, young people and external organizations). As well as providing an in-depth overview of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE), this document aims to inspire thought and spark discussion by providing Member Associations with a basic planning framework for CSE and includes in-depth resources and sample curricula.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, sexuality education framework, sexual health, wellness programs Link to Pedagogical Citation
National Sex Education Standards: Core Content and Skills, K-12 Second Edition
FoSE
Future of Sex Education Initiative, ., 2020
The National Sex Education Standards (NSES) outline the foundational knowledge and skills students need to navigate sexual development and grow into sexually healthy adults. The updated NSES reflect advancements in research regarding sexual orientation, gender identity, social, racial, and reproductive justice, and the long-term consequences of stigma and discrimination. Other additions include: advances in medical technology, the emergence of digital technologies, and the growing impact of social and sexually explicit media on relationships.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, education standards, curriculum guidelines Link to Pedagogical Citation
Navigating Uncertain Times: How Schools Can Cope With Coronavirus
Noonoo, S
EdSurg, Jan, 2020
During the past few weeks, the coronavirus has cast an uncertain future over U.S. education—particularly the ongoing school year. It has also raised a host of questions: Is remote learning possible for every school? How can educators and parents make it a meaningful experience when it’s happened so suddenly? And what roles will teachers, administrators, paraprofessionals and parents play? Those are just a few of the many questions all of us who care about education are asking. To help you navigate them and figure out what might work best for your community, EdSurge and ISTE, our parent organization, are collecting news, resources and expert advice to help educators and school leaders make informed decisions.
Keywords: remote learning Link to Pedagogical Citation
Patterns of Gender Development.
Martin, C. L., & Ruble, D. N.
Annual Review of Psychology, Jan, 2010
A comprehensive theory of gender development must describe and explain long-term developmental patterning and changes and how gender is experienced in the short term. This review considers multiple views on gender patterning, illustrated with contemporary research. First, because developmental research involves understanding normative patterns of change with age, several theoretically important topics illustrate gender development: how children come to recognize gender distinctions and understand stereotypes, and the emergence of prejudice and sexism. Second, developmental researchers study the stability of individual differences over time, which elucidates developmental processes. We review stability in two domains—sex segregation and activities/interests. Finally, a new approach advances understanding of developmental patterns, based on dynamic systems theory. Dynamic systems theory is a metatheoretical framework for studying stability and change, which developed from the study of complex and nonlinear systems in physics and mathematics. Some major features and examples show how dynamic approaches have been and could be applied in studying gender development.
Keywords: gender typing, stereotypes, dynamic systems, sex segregation, timescales Link to Statistical Citation
Pornography, sexual socialization, and satisfaction among young men.
Štulhofer, A., Buško, V. & Landripet, I.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, Feb, 2010
In spite of a growing presence of pornography in contemporary life, little is known about its potential effects on young people's sexual socialization and sexual satisfaction. In this article, we present a theoretical model of the effects of sexually explicit materials (SEM) mediated by sexual scripting and moderated by the type of SEM used. An on-line survey dataset that included 650 young Croatian men aged 18-25 years was used to explore empirically the model. Descriptive findings pointed to significant differences between mainstream and paraphilic SEM users in frequency of SEM use at the age of 14, current SEM use, frequency of masturbation, sexual boredom, acceptance of sex myths, and sexual compulsiveness. In testing the model, a novel instrument was used, the Sexual Scripts Overlap Scale, designed to measure the influence of SEM on sexual socialization. Structural equation analyses suggested that negative effects of early exposure to SEM on young men's sexual satisfaction, albeit small, could be stronger than positive effects. Both positive and negative effects-the latter being expressed through suppression of intimacy-were observed only among users of paraphilic SEM. No effect of early exposure to SEM was found among the mainstream SEM users. To counterbalance moral panic but also glamorization of pornography, sex education programs should incorporate contents that would increase media literacy and assist young people in critical interpretation of pornographic imagery.
Keywords: pornography, sexual socialization, satisfaction Link to Statistical Citation
Prevalence, frequency, and associations of masturbation with partnered sexual behaviors among US adolescents.
Robbins, C. L., Schick, V., Reece, M., Herbenick, D., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, May, 2011
Objective To assess masturbation prevalence, frequency, and associations with partnered sexual behaviors. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting The United States of America. Participants Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years. Main Outcome Measures Solo masturbation, partnered sexual behaviors, and condom use. Results Across age groups, more males (73.8%) reported masturbation than females (48.1%). Among males, masturbation occurrence increased with age: at age 14 years, 62.6% of males reported at least 1 prior occurrence, whereas 80% of 17-year-old males reported ever having masturbated. Recent masturbation also increased with age in males: 67.6% of 17-year-olds reported masturbation in the past month, compared with 42.9% of 14-year-olds. In females, prior masturbation increased with age (58% at age 17 years compared with 43.3% at age 14 years), but recent masturbation did not. Masturbation was associated with numerous partnered sexual behaviors in both males and females. In males, masturbation was associated with condom use, but in females it was not. Conclusions Sexual development is a dynamic process during adolescence, and masturbation is an enduring component of sexuality. Fundamental differences appear to exist between male and female sexual expression. Health care providers should recognize that many teens masturbate and discuss masturbation with patients because masturbation is integral to normal sexual development. Masturbation carries no risk of pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections and may have benefits to sexual and emotional health.1,2 While one major study of male and female college students found no association, positive or negative, between a history of masturbation during early adolescence and sexual satisfaction during young adulthood,3 other studies have shown positive relationships. Among women, masturbation in childhood and adolescence has been associated with positive sexual experiences later in life4 and a healthy self-image.5 In another study of adolescent females aged 16 to 18, those with negative or indifferent views about masturbation reported negative first sexual experiences compared with those who held positive views of masturbation.6 Masturbation is thought to be a common behavior. In studies of older adolescents and adults, masturbation is nearly universal among males and reported by a majority of females.7-11 In an Australian study, 58% of males and 42% of females aged 15 to 18 years reported at least 1 lifetime episode of masturbation.2 Masturbation onset was found to occur by age 13 years in 53% of males and 25% of females in another retrospective study.12 Also, in a recent national sample of sexual behaviors in the United States (from which data for the current study were obtained), masturbation was more common than any partnered sexual behavior among 14- to 17-year-old adolescents.13 Despite its apparent widespread prevalence, masturbation is a highly stigmatized
Keywords: masturbation Link to Statistical Citation
Putting sexuality back into Comprehensive Sexuality Education: making the case for a rights-based, sex-positive approach
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Aug, 2016
This discussion paper builds on IPPF’s report ‘Everyone’s right to know: delivering comprehensive sexuality education for all young people’ 2 , launched at the Women Deliver conference in May 2016. The report recommends that high quality CSE should be delivered to all young people and explores the evidence supporting the provision of sexuality education both in and outside of schools. The report notes that globally, sexuality education is patchy, and where it is provided, tends to “emphasize potential negative health risks, as opposed to seeing young people as sexual beings and recognizing the positive aspects of sexuality.” IPPF has long stated that “sexuality, and pleasure deriving from it, is a central aspect of being human, whether or not a person chooses to reproduce”3 and has supported young people’s right to access education which goes beyond a mere biology lesson to incorporate sexual pleasure and wellbeing as a crucial part of life.
Keywords: sexuality, sexual rights, sex positivity, pleasure, sexual health, wellbeing Link to Pedagogical Citation
Putting Sexuality back into Comprehensive Sexuality Education: tips for delivering sex-positive workshops for young people
IPPF
International Planned Parenthood Federation, Oct, 2016
Millions of young people around the world are not getting the kind of education they need and deserve when it comes to understand their sexuality. This document is designed to complement Putting Sexuality back into Comprehensive Sexuality Education: making the case for a rights-based, sex-positive approach, and it aims to give practical tips for putting IPPF's right-based, sex-positive approach, into practice.
Keywords: comprehensive sexuality education, sex-positive Link to Pedagogical Citation
Remote Learning Recommendations During COVID-19 Emergency
Illinois State Board of Education’s Remote Learning Advisory Group
null, Mar, 2020
This document provides information and clarification to districts, schools, leaders, teachers, students, and parents as they design and implement remote learning in response to the COVID19 emergency, which is different from statutory e-learning plans. ISBE acknowledges that all students, families, schools, and districts are diverse, and supports remote learning that meets local needs and, to the greatest extent possible, minimizes the negative impact this unprecedented moment has on our students’ educational trajectories.
Keywords: remote learning Link to Pedagogical Citation
Responsive Classroom
.
., ., .
Responsive Classroom is a student-centered, social and emotional learning approach to teaching and discipline. It is comprised of a set of research, and evidence-based practices designed to create safe, joyful, and engaging classrooms and school communities for both students and teachers.
Keywords: education, learning approaches, social emotional learning, casel Link to Pedagogical Citation
Sexuality Education: Emerging Trends in Evidence and Practice
Haberland, N & Rogow, D.
Journal of Adolescent Health, Jan, 2015
The International Conference on Population and Development and related resolutions have repeatedly called on governments to provide adolescents and young people with comprehensive sexuality education (CSE). Drawing from these documents, reviews and meta-analyses of program evaluations, and situation analyses, this article summarizes the elements, effectiveness, quality, and country-level coverage of CSE. Throughout, it highlights the matter of a gender and rights perspective in CSE. It presents the policy and evidence-based rationales for emphasizing gender, power, and rights within programs—including citing an analysis finding that such an approach has a greater likelihood of reducing rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy—and notes a recent shift toward this approach. It discusses the logic of an “empowerment approach to CSE” that seeks to empower young people—especially girls and other marginalized young people—to see themselves and others as equal members in their relationships, able to protect their own health, and as individuals capable of engaging as active participants in society.
Keywords: young people, sexuality education, gender, empowerment Link to Pedagogical Citation
State of Affairs in Sex Education for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)
Sammet Moring, N.
Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts, ., 2019
Children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are increasingly integrated into community life1 , but still face significant inequities in sexual health care and education2 . People with IDD experience high rates of sexual violence victimization, are less likely to receive sexual health care, and lack access to comprehensive sex education3–12 . Ensuring that people with IDD can receive accessible sex education is complicated by a host of practical, cultural, historical, and social justice-related barriers5,6,13–24 . As a result, people with IDD often lack crucial sexual health information, as well as the skills needed for decision making, consensual sexual expression, navigating relationships, and preventing sexual violence victimization4,15,25–35 . Access to comprehensive sex education is therefore an important component of achieving sexual health and social equity for the population of people with IDD5,15 . Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts (PPLM) is well-poised to facilitate collaborative efforts to fill the gaps in sex education access for people with IDD. Assets include PPLM’s recognized expertise in sexual health and sex education, large networks of PPLM- trained sex educators, and strong partnerships with schools and other relevant institutions, particularly those working with people with disabilities. To ensure that PPLM’s ongoing work towards sex education equity is effective and meets the needs of the IDD community, PPLM hosted a convening, titled State of Affairs in Sex Education for People with IDD (“the Convening”) on October 4, 2018.
Keywords: intellectual disability, developmental disability, idd, sexual agency Link to Pedagogical Citation
The World Association for Sexual Health’s Declaration on Sexual Pleasure: A Technical Guide
Jessie V. Ford, Esther Corona-Vargas, Mariana Cruz, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Eszter Kismodi, Anne Philpott, Eusebio Rubio-Aurioles & Eli Coleman
International Journal of Sexual Health, Nov, 2021
This article provides technical guidance on the content, meaning, and application of the
World Association of Sexual Health (WAS) Declaration on Sexual Pleasure to various stakeholders and practitioners working in the area of sexuality, sexual health, and sexual rights. A growing body of work shows that sexual pleasure is integral to broader health, mental health, sexual health, well-being, and rights and indeed can lead to improvements in health. Yet, more research is needed to identify the best ways to incorporate sexual pleasure to achieve sexual health for different outcomes and populations. In the first part of this article, we deconstruct each statement from the WAS Declaration on Sexual Pleasure and provide key evidence from the literature supporting these statements. In the latter part of the article, we provide guidance on how to include sexual pleasure as a fundamental part of sexual health and sexual rights work. We include a series of case studies and highlight key actions and principles for advocacy, implementation, and quality assurance in terms of law and policy, comprehensive sexuality education, health care services, and dissemination of knowledge. This technical document seeks to inspire our partners and collaborators to embark on a journey toward a pleasure-based approach to sexual health and sexual rights. Our hope is that the literature, guidance, and case studies provided here can ignite ongoing advocacy and collaboration to embrace sexual pleasure in all settings.
Keywords: pleasure, srhr, WAS Link to Pedagogical Citation
Timing of puberty in boys and girls: A population‐based study
Brix, N; Ernst, A; Lauridsen, LLB; Parner, E; Stoving, H; Olsen, J; Henriksen, TB; & Ramlau-Hansen, CH
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Oct, 2018
A secular trend towards earlier puberty has been observed in girls, while a similar trend has been more uncertain in boys. We estimated current ages at pubertal development in both boys and girls. These data derived from this study indicate that age at menarche has declined and to some extent support a decline in age at attaining other markers of pubertal development among boys.
Keywords: puberty, menarche Link to Pedagogical Citation
Timing of spermarche and menarche are associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior among Korean adolescents.
Lee, E., Pabayo, R., & Kawachi, I.
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Aug, 2016
Objectives This study examined the timing of menarche and spermarche and their associations with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) after controlling for body mass index (BMI). Methods Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys is associated with PA and SB independent of BMI in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (13–18 years; N = 74,186). Results After controlling for age, family economic status, and BMI, early timing of spermarche among boys was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB for < 2 hours during weekdays. By contrast, boys with late timing of spermarche were less likely to engage in PA and more likely to engage in SB for < 2 hours. Among girls, early or late timing of menarche was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB. Conclusion Timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys could be a marker for PA and SB among Korean adolescents. To promote PA and discourage SB among Korean adolescents, school-based, grade-specific interventions can be tailored by the absence or presence of menarche/spermarche.
Keywords: korean adolescents, physical activity, pubertal timing, sedentary behavior, korea survey, youth risk behavior Link to Statistical Citation
What Does Not Work in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Evidence on Interventions Commonly Accepted as Best Practices
Chandra-Mouli, V; Lane, C & Wong, S.
Global Health: Science and Practice, Sep, 2015
Youth centers, peer education, and one-off public meetings have generally been ineffective in facilitating young people’s access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, changing their behaviors, or influencing social norms around adolescent SRH. Approaches that have been found to be effective when well implemented, such as comprehensive sexuality education and youth-friendly services, have tended to flounder as they have considerable implementation requirements that are seldom met. For adolescent SRH programs to be effective, we need substantial effort through coordinated and complementary approaches. Unproductive approaches should be abandoned, proven approaches should be implemented with adequate fidelity to those factors that ensure effectiveness, and new approaches should be explored, to include greater attention to prevention science, engagement of the private sector, and expanding access to a wider range of contraceptive methods that respond to adolescents’ needs.
Keywords: best practices, sexual health, reproductive health, health services Link to Pedagogical Citation
WHO Guidelines on Preventing Early Pregnancy and Poor Reproductive Outcomes Among Adolescents in Developing Countries
Chandra-Mouli, V; Camacho, A; & Michaud, P
Journal of Adolescent Health, May, 2013
Adolescent pregnancy and its consequences represent a major public health concern in many low-middle income countries of the world. The World Health Organization has recently developed evidence-based guidelines addressing six areas: preventing early marriage; preventing early pregnancy through sexuality education, increasing education opportunities and economic and social support programs; increasing the use of contraception; reducing coerced sex; preventing unsafe abortion; and increasing the use of prenatal care childbirth and postpartum care. In each of these areas, World Health Organization recommends directions for future research. The summary concludes with a brief look at global and regional initiatives that provide a window of opportunity for stepping up action in this important area.
Keywords: world health organization, pregnancy prevention, early pregnancy, child marriage Link to Pedagogical Citation